🔖 Prepare v2.3.1 with Clang 23 linter support

[simon1hofmann]

🤖 AI text below 🤖

Description

This PR prepares the patch release v2.3.1.

It directly passes the LLVM installation directory prepared by reusable-cpp-linter.yml to cpp-linter. The workflow already installs the requested Clang, clang-format, clang-tidy, and clang-tools packages before invoking cpp-linter-action. Pointing the action at /usr/lib/llvm-<version>/bin makes that installed toolchain authoritative and allows callers to select Clang 23 without version-specific workflow logic or changes to the existing input and default.

This also bypasses the numeric-version limit in cpp-linter-action v2.21.0's bundled clang-tools 1.2.0 resolver. That limit caused the jeff-mlir failure after LLVM 23 itself had installed successfully.

AI assistance: GPT-5.6 Sol via Codex helped inspect the shared consumers, implement and validate the change, and prepare the release.

Validation

• uvx prek run -a
• git diff --check
• Ubuntu 24.04 amd64 container: llvm.sh 23 installed Clang 23.1.1, clang-format 23.1.1, and clang-tidy 23.1.1 under /usr/lib/llvm-23/bin
• MQT Core full-tree canary: munich-quantum-toolkit/core#2328 (passed)

Checklist

• The pull request only contains commits that are focused and relevant to this change.
• I have added appropriate tests that cover the new/changed functionality.
• I have updated the documentation to reflect these changes.
• I have added entries to the changelog for any noteworthy additions, changes, fixes, or removals.
• I have added migration instructions to the upgrade guide (if needed).
• The changes follow the project's style guidelines and introduce no new warnings.
• The changes are fully tested and pass the CI checks.
• I have reviewed my own code changes.

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[denialhaag]

As discussed on Discord, this generally LGTM! We can use this to see what the linter says! 🙂

[burgholzer]

Based on the offline discussion.
LGTM after addressing the two comments.

[coderabbitai]

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[burgholzer]

LGTM. Also directly prepared a release here. I'll let renovate run once more and then release 😌