[driver] gray-code decoder for STM32 Timer

[TomSaw]

Added driver:encoder_input using a STM32 Timer. It has the same interface like from my first contribution modm:driver:encoder_input.bitbang

I've also extended the Timer HAL and added a shorthand for setting the input filter.

TODO

• Finish up encoder_input.md
• Add example

[salkinium]

Nice, I love it!

[TomSaw]

Done!
Examples added and improved and also gave some touches to encoder_input.bitbang

[salkinium]

Excellent!

[TomSaw]

Im also in the mood to proceed with fragment & PR #665 ... ->Have studied git rebase in the meanwhile 😇 - otherwise i'll get crazy with these 13k lines of changes, haha

[salkinium]

scons: building terminated because of errors.main.cpp: In function 'int main()':
main.cpp:62:21: error: 'class modm::BitBangEncoderInput<modm::platform::GpioStatic<modm::platform::detail::DataB3>, modm::platform::GpioStatic<modm::platform::detail::DataB4>, 4>' has no member named 'getIncrement'
   62 |    value += encoder.getIncrement();
      |                     ^~~~~~~~~~~~
scons: *** [build/scons-release/main.o] Error 1

[salkinium]

Im also in the mood to proceed

Yes please. I'm writing my master's thesis, so if I don't respond in timely fashion, just @ poke me again.

[TomSaw]

Please check this this CI error @salkinium . not my fault i think.

[salkinium]

It's a bug in the AVR example: encoder.getIncrement(); vs encoder.getDelta();

[salkinium]

Thanks!