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Git

See also:

Tips

  • git fetch --all && git reset --hard origin/master = Force pull -- force local tree to match remote tree

  • git grep "mystring" $(git rev-list --all) | cut -d: -f2-4 | sort -u = Search entire repo history for string mystring.
    • git grep "mystring" $(git rev-list --all -- lib/util) -- lib/util = Search only under the lib/util path

  • git push origin --delete feature-123 = Delete the feature-123 branch remotely.
  • git submodule update = Update submodules to remove from unstaged changes in parent repo
  • git commit --amend -m 'Commit message' = Amend most recent commit message (requires git push --force if commit already pushed).

  • git add -A = Stage all modified files, including deleted files.
  • git add -A ./* = Stage all modified files, including deleted files, beneath the current path.
  • git add -u = Stage all modified files.

Submodules

  • git submodule update --init --recursive = Clone submodules in already-present repo.
  • git clone --recurse-submodules = Include submodules in repo clone.

  • git submodule add ssh://git@server.example.com:7999/ansible-zabbix-agent.git roles/ansible-zabbix-agent = Add submodue to repo.

Submodule configuration in .gitmodules to track the develop branch:

[submodule "roles/ansible-zabbix-server"]
  path = roles/ansible-zabbix-server
  url = ssh://git@server.example.com:7999/ansible-zabbix-server.git
  branch = develop

Tags

Tag specific commits to release your software.

  • git tag v0.1 = Tag the current commit as version 0.1.
  • git push origin --tags = Push tags.

Setup

Configuring user information used across all local repositories.

  • git config --global user.name "<FIRSTNAME LASTNAME>" = Set a name that is identifiable for credit when review version history.
  • git config --global user.email "<VALID-EMAIL>" = Set an email address that will be associated with each history marker.
  • git config --global color.ui auto = Set automatic command line coloring for git for easy reviewing.

Init

  • git init = Initialize an existing directory as a git repository.
  • git clone <URL> = Retrieve an entire repository from a hosted location via url.

Staging

  • git checkout <COMMIT HASH> -- ./file1 ../file2 = Revert file1 and file2 to the specified commit.
  • git checkout -- <FILE> = Undo changes made to an unstaged file.

  • git reset <FILE> = Unstage a file while retaining the changes in working directory.

  • git diff = Diff of what is changed but not staged.
  • git diff --staged = Diff of what is staged but not yet commited.
  • git commit -m '<MESSAGE>' = Commit your staged content as a new commit snapshot.

Branches

  • See also:
  • git branch = List your branches, a * will appear next to the currently active branch.
  • git branch <BRANCH-NAME> = Create a new branch at the current commit.
  • git merge <BRANCH-NAME> = Merge the specified branch into the current one.

History

  • git log branchB..branchA = Show the commits on branchA that are not on branchB.
  • git log --follow <FILE> = Show the commits that changed file, even across renames.

  • git diff branchB...branchA = Show the diff of what is in branchA that is not in branchB.
  • git show <COMMIT-HASH> = Show any object in git in human-readable format.
  • git checkout <COMMIT-HASH> = Checkout the repository at the specified commit.

Tracking path changes

Versioning file removes and path changes.

  • git rm <FILE> = Delete the file from project and stage the removal for commit.
  • git mv <CURRENT-PATH> <NEW-PATH> = Change an existing file path and stage the move.
  • git log --stat -M = Show all commit logs with indication of any paths that moved.

Ignoring patterns

Preventing unintentional staging or commiting of files.

.gitignore:

logs/
*.notes
pattern*/

Save a file with desired paterns as .gitignore with either direct string matches or wildcard globs.

git config --global core.excludesfile <FILE> = System wide ignore patern for all local repositories.

Remotes

  • git remote -v = Show remote repo info.
  • git remote add <ALIAS> <URL> = Add a git url as an alias.
  • git fetch <ALIAS> = Fetch down all the branches from that git remote.
  • git merge <ALIAS>/<BRANCH> = Merge a remote branch into your current branch to bring it up to date.

  • git push <ALIAS> <BRANCH> = Transmit local branch commits to the remote repository branch.

Rewriting history

  • git rebase <BRANCH> = Apply any commits of current branch ahead of specified one.
  • git reset --hard <COMMIT> = Clear staging area, rewrite working tree from specified commit.

Stashing

Temporarily store modified, tracked files in order to change branches.

  • git stash = Save modified and staged changes.
  • git stash list = List stack-order of stashed file changes.
  • git stash pop = Write working from top of stash stack.
  • git stash drop = Discard the changes from top of stash stack.